// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.InternalTesting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.IntegrationTests;

public class SimpleTypeModelBinderIntegrationTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task BindProperty_WithData_WithPrefix_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo()
            {
                BinderModelName = "CustomParameter",
            },

            ParameterType = typeof(Person)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("CustomParameter.Address.Zip", "1");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var boundPerson = Assert.IsType<Person>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson.Address);
        Assert.Equal(1, boundPerson.Address.Zip);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys, k => k == "CustomParameter.Address.Zip");
        Assert.Equal("1", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("1", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindProperty_WithData_WithEmptyPrefix_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = typeof(Person)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Address.Zip", "1");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var boundPerson = Assert.IsType<Person>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson.Address);
        Assert.Equal(1, boundPerson.Address.Zip);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys, k => k == "Address.Zip");
        Assert.Equal("1", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("1", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithData_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = typeof(string)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "someValue");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<string>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithEmptyQueryStringKey_DoesNotGetBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = typeof(string)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = new QueryString("?=someValue");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
        Assert.Empty(modelState.Keys);
    }

    [Fact]
    [ReplaceCulture("en-GB", "en-GB")]
    public async Task BindDecimalParameter_WithData_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = typeof(decimal),
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "32,000.99");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<decimal>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal(32000.99M, model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("32,000.99", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("32,000.99", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    [ReplaceCulture("en-GB", "en-GB")]
    public async Task BindDateTimeParameter_WithData_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            ParameterType = typeof(DateTime),
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "2020-02-01");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<DateTime>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal(new DateTime(2020, 02, 01, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc), model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("2020-02-01", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("2020-02-01", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    [ReplaceCulture("en-GB", "en-GB")]
    public async Task BindDateTimeParameter_WithDataFromBody_GetsBound()
    {
        // Arrange
        var input = "\"2020-02-01\"";
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            ParameterType = typeof(DateTime),
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo
            {
                BindingSource = BindingSource.Body,
            }
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.Body = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input));
            request.ContentType = "application/json";
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<DateTime>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal(new DateTime(2020, 02, 01, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc), model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithMultipleValues_GetsBoundToFirstValue()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = typeof(string)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = new QueryString("?Parameter1=someValue&Parameter1=otherValue");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<string>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("someValue,otherValue", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(new string[] { "someValue", "otherValue" }, modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_NonConvertibleValue_GetsError()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = typeof(int)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "abcd");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        Assert.Null(modelBindingResult.Model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.False(modelState.IsValid);
        Assert.Single(modelState);
        Assert.Equal(1, modelState.ErrorCount);

        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);

        var entry = modelState[key];
        Assert.Equal("abcd", entry.RawValue);
        Assert.Equal("abcd", entry.AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Invalid, entry.ValidationState);

        var error = Assert.Single(entry.Errors);
        Assert.Null(error.Exception);
        Assert.Equal("The value 'abcd' is not valid.", error.ErrorMessage);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_NonConvertibleValue_GetsCustomErrorMessage()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterType = typeof(int);
        var metadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider();
        metadataProvider
            .ForType(parameterType)
            .BindingDetails(binding =>
            {
                // A real details provider could customize message based on BindingMetadataProviderContext.
                binding.ModelBindingMessageProvider.SetNonPropertyAttemptedValueIsInvalidAccessor(
                (value) => $"Hmm, '{ value }' is not a valid value.");
            });

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(
            request =>
            {
                request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "abcd");
            },
            metadataProvider: metadataProvider);

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder(testContext.HttpContext.RequestServices);
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = parameterType
        };

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        Assert.Null(modelBindingResult.Model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.False(modelState.IsValid);
        Assert.Single(modelState);
        Assert.Equal(1, modelState.ErrorCount);

        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);

        var entry = modelState[key];
        Assert.Equal("abcd", entry.RawValue);
        Assert.Equal("abcd", entry.AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Invalid, entry.ValidationState);

        var error = Assert.Single(entry.Errors);
        Assert.Null(error.Exception);
        Assert.Equal($"Hmm, 'abcd' is not a valid value.", error.ErrorMessage);
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData(typeof(int))]
    [InlineData(typeof(bool))]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithEmptyData_DoesNotBind(Type parameterType)
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = parameterType
        };
        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "");
        });
        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        Assert.Null(modelBindingResult.Model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.False(modelState.IsValid);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("", modelState[key].RawValue);
        var error = Assert.Single(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal("The value '' is invalid.", error.ErrorMessage, StringComparer.Ordinal);
        Assert.Null(error.Exception);
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData(typeof(int))]
    [InlineData(typeof(bool))]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithEmptyData_AndPerTypeMessage_AddsGivenMessage(Type parameterType)
    {
        // Arrange
        var metadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider();
        metadataProvider
            .ForType(parameterType)
            .BindingDetails(binding =>
            {
                // A real details provider could customize message based on BindingMetadataProviderContext.
                binding.ModelBindingMessageProvider.SetValueMustNotBeNullAccessor(
                value => $"Hurts when '{ value }' is provided.");
            });

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(
            request =>
            {
                request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", string.Empty);
            },
            metadataProvider: metadataProvider);

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder(testContext.HttpContext.RequestServices);
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = parameterType
        };

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert
        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        Assert.Null(modelBindingResult.Model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.False(modelState.IsValid);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal(string.Empty, modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(string.Empty, modelState[key].RawValue);
        var error = Assert.Single(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal("Hurts when '' is provided.", error.ErrorMessage, StringComparer.Ordinal);
        Assert.Null(error.Exception);
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData(typeof(int?))]
    [InlineData(typeof(bool?))]
    [InlineData(typeof(string))]
    public async Task BindParameter_WithEmptyData_BindsReferenceAndNullableObjects(Type parameterType)
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = parameterType
        };
        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", string.Empty);
        });
        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        Assert.Null(modelBindingResult.Model);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal(string.Empty, modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(string.Empty, modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_NoData_Fails()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),

            ParameterType = typeof(string)
        };

        // No Data.
        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext();

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.Equal(ModelBindingResult.Failed(), modelBindingResult);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
        Assert.Empty(modelState.Keys);
    }

    public static TheoryData<Dictionary<string, StringValues>> PersonStoreData
    {
        get
        {
            return new TheoryData<Dictionary<string, StringValues>>
                {
                    new Dictionary<string, StringValues>
                    {
                        { "name", new[] { "Fred" } },
                        { "address.zip", new[] { "98052" } },
                        { "address.lines", new[] { "line 1", "line 2" } },
                    },
                    new Dictionary<string, StringValues>
                    {
                        { "address.lines[]", new[] { "line 1", "line 2" } },
                        { "address[].zip", new[] { "98052" } },
                        { "name[]", new[] { "Fred" } },
                    }
                };
        }
    }

    [Theory]
    [MemberData(nameof(PersonStoreData))]
    public async Task BindParameter_FromFormData_BindsCorrectly(Dictionary<string, StringValues> personStore)
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = typeof(Person),
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.Form = new FormCollection(personStore);
        });
        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert
        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var boundPerson = Assert.IsType<Person>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson);
        Assert.Equal("Fred", boundPerson.Name);
        Assert.NotNull(boundPerson.Address);
        Assert.Equal(new[] { "line 1", "line 2" }, boundPerson.Address.Lines);
        Assert.Equal(98052, boundPerson.Address.Zip);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Equal(new[] { "Address.Lines", "Address.Zip", "Name" }, modelState.Keys.OrderBy(p => p).ToArray());
        var entry = modelState["Address.Lines"];
        Assert.NotNull(entry);
        Assert.Empty(entry.Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, entry.ValidationState);
        Assert.Equal("line 1,line 2", entry.AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal(new[] { "line 1", "line 2" }, entry.RawValue);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_PrefersTypeConverter_OverTryParse()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = typeof(SampleModel)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "someValue");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<SampleModel>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", model.Value);
        Assert.Equal("Converter", model.Source);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task BindParameter_BindsUsingTryParse()
    {
        // Arrange
        var parameterBinder = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetParameterBinder();
        var parameter = new ParameterDescriptor()
        {
            Name = "Parameter1",
            BindingInfo = new BindingInfo(),
            ParameterType = typeof(SampleTryParsableModel)
        };

        var testContext = ModelBindingTestHelper.GetTestContext(request =>
        {
            request.QueryString = QueryString.Create("Parameter1", "someValue");
        });

        var modelState = testContext.ModelState;

        // Act
        var modelBindingResult = await parameterBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, testContext);

        // Assert

        // ModelBindingResult
        Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);

        // Model
        var model = Assert.IsType<SampleTryParsableModel>(modelBindingResult.Model);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", model.Value);
        Assert.Equal("TryParse", model.Source);

        // ModelState
        Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);

        Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        var key = Assert.Single(modelState.Keys);
        Assert.Equal("Parameter1", key);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].AttemptedValue);
        Assert.Equal("someValue", modelState[key].RawValue);
        Assert.Empty(modelState[key].Errors);
        Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState);
    }

    private class Person
    {
        public Address Address { get; set; }

        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    private class Address
    {
        public string[] Lines { get; set; }

        public int Zip { get; set; }
    }

    [TypeConverter(typeof(SampleModelTypeConverter))]
    private class SampleModel
    {
        public string Value { get; set; }
        public string Source { get; set; }

        public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string s, [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out SampleModel result)
        {
            result = new SampleModel() { Value = s, Source = "TryParse" };
            return true;
        }
    }

    private class SampleTryParsableModel
    {
        public string Value { get; set; }
        public string Source { get; set; }

        public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string s, [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out SampleTryParsableModel result)
        {
            result = new SampleTryParsableModel() { Value = s, Source = "TryParse" };
            return true;
        }
    }

    private class SampleModelTypeConverter : TypeConverter
    {
        public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)
        {
            return sourceType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
        }

        public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)
        {
            if (value is string s)
            {
                return new SampleModel() { Value = s, Source = "Converter" };
            }

            return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value);
        }
    }
}
