/*
 * Logback: the reliable, generic, fast and flexible logging framework.
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2026, QOS.ch. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are dual-licensed under
 * either the terms of the Eclipse Public License v2.0 as published by
 * the Eclipse Foundation
 *
 *   or (per the licensee's choosing)
 *
 * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
package ch.qos.logback.core;

import static ch.qos.logback.core.CoreConstants.CODES_URL;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.Encoder;
import ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder;
import ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.LengthCounter;
import ch.qos.logback.core.spi.DeferredProcessingAware;
import ch.qos.logback.core.status.ErrorStatus;

/**
 * OutputStreamAppender appends events to a {@link OutputStream}. This class
 * provides basic services that other appenders build upon.
 * 
 * For more information about this appender, please refer to the online manual
 * at http://logback.qos.ch/manual/appenders.html#OutputStreamAppender
 * 
 * @author Ceki Gülcü
 */
public class OutputStreamAppender<E> extends UnsynchronizedAppenderBase<E> {

    /**
     * It is the encoder which is ultimately responsible for writing the event to an
     * {@link OutputStream}.
     */
    protected Encoder<E> encoder;

    /**
     * All synchronization in this class is done via the lock object.
     */
    protected final ReentrantLock streamWriteLock = new ReentrantLock(false);

    /**
     * This is the {@link OutputStream outputStream} where output will be written.
     */
    private OutputStream outputStream;

    boolean immediateFlush = true;

    boolean statefulEncoder = false;

    /**
     * The underlying output stream used by this appender.
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
        return outputStream;
    }

    /**
     * Checks that requires parameters are set and if everything is in order,
     * activates this appender.
     */
    public void start() {
        int errors = 0;
        if (this.encoder == null) {
            addError("No encoder set for the appender named \"" + name + "\".");
            addWarn("Encoder has not been set. Cannot invoke its init method.");
            errors++;
        }

        if (this.outputStream == null) {
            addError("No output stream set for the appender named \"" + name + "\".");
            errors++;
        }


        // only error free appenders should be activated
        if (errors == 0) {
            this.statefulEncoder = encoder.isStateful();
            // Hold the lock across started=true and headerBytes so a concurrent
            // append cannot encode before the header is written.
            streamWriteLock.lock();
            try {
                super.start();
                encoderInit();
            } finally {
                streamWriteLock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public void setLayout(Layout<E> layout) {
        addWarn("This appender no longer admits a layout as a sub-component, set an encoder instead.");
        addWarn("To ensure compatibility, wrapping your layout in LayoutWrappingEncoder.");
        addWarn("See also " + CODES_URL + "#layoutInsteadOfEncoder for details");
        LayoutWrappingEncoder<E> lwe = new LayoutWrappingEncoder<E>();
        lwe.setLayout(layout);
        lwe.setContext(context);
        this.encoder = lwe;
    }

    @Override
    protected void append(E eventObject) {
        if (!isStarted()) {
            return;
        }

        subAppend(eventObject);
    }

    /**
     * Stop this appender instance. The underlying stream or writer is also closed.
     * 
     * <p>Stopped appenders cannot be reused.</p>
     */
    public void stop() {
        if(!isStarted())
            return;

        streamWriteLock.lock();
        try {
            closeOutputStream();
            super.stop();
        } finally {
            streamWriteLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Close the underlying {@link OutputStream}.
     */
    protected void closeOutputStream() {
        if (this.outputStream != null) {
            try {
                // before closing we have to output out encooder's footer
                encoderClose();
                this.outputStream.close();
                this.outputStream = null;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                addStatus(new ErrorStatus("Could not close output stream for OutputStreamAppender.", this, e));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write the encoder's footer to the underlying {@link OutputStream}.
     *
     * <p>It is assumed that the caller has acquired the streamWriteLock.</p>
     */
    void encoderClose() {
        if (encoder != null && this.outputStream != null) {
            try {
                byte[] footer = encoder.footerBytes();
                writeBytes(footer);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                this.started = false;
                addStatus(new ErrorStatus("Failed to write footer for appender named [" + name + "].", this, ioe));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Sets the {@link OutputStream} where the log output will go. The specified
     * <code>OutputStream</code> must be opened by the user and be writable. The
     * <code>OutputStream</code> will be closed when the appender instance is
     * closed.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param outputStream An already opened OutputStream.
     */
    public void setOutputStream(OutputStream outputStream) {
        streamWriteLock.lock();
        try {
            // close any previously opened output stream
            closeOutputStream();
            this.outputStream = outputStream;

            // the first call to setOutputStream() is made on a non started appender
            // However, in subsequent calls to setOutputStream() the appender will be in
            // started state. In subsequent calls, in particular when opening a file after rollover,
            // we have to output the header hence the call to encoderInit().
            if(isStarted()) {
                encoderInit();
            }
        } finally {
            streamWriteLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * <p>Write the encoder's header to the underlying {@link OutputStream}.</p>
     *
     * <p>It is assumed that the caller has acquired the streamWriteLock.</p>
     */
    void encoderInit() {
        if (encoder != null && this.outputStream != null) {
            try {
                byte[] header = encoder.headerBytes();
                writeBytes(header);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                this.started = false;
                addError("Failed to initialize encoder for appender named [" + name + "].", ioe);
            }
        }
    }

    protected void writeOut(E event) throws IOException {
        if (statefulEncoder) {
            writeOutStateful(event);
            return;
        }
        writeBytes(this.encoder.encode(event));
    }

    private void writeOutStateful(E event) throws IOException {
        streamWriteLock.lock();
        try {
            // Recheck under the lock: stop() may have written the footer since
            // subAppend() observed isStarted().
            if (!isStarted()) {
                return;
            }
            writeBytes(this.encoder.encode(event));
        } finally {
            streamWriteLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    private void writeBytes(byte[] byteArray) throws IOException {
        if (byteArray == null || byteArray.length == 0)
            return;

        streamWriteLock.lock();
        try {
            // guard against appender with stop() invoked in parallel
            if(isStarted()) {
                writeByteArrayToOutputStreamWithPossibleFlush(byteArray);
                updateByteCount(byteArray);
            }
        } finally {
            streamWriteLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    protected void updateByteCount(byte[] byteArray) {
    }

    /**
     * A simple method to write to an outputStream and flush the stream if immediateFlush is set to true.
     *
     * @since 1.3.9/1.4.9
     */
    protected final void writeByteArrayToOutputStreamWithPossibleFlush(byte[] byteArray) throws IOException {
        this.outputStream.write(byteArray);
        if (immediateFlush) {
            this.outputStream.flush();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Actual writing occurs here.
     * <p>
     * Most subclasses of <code>WriterAppender</code> will need to override this
     * method.
     * 
     * @since 0.9.0
     */
    protected void subAppend(E event) {
        if (!isStarted()) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            // this step avoids LBCLASSIC-139
            if (event instanceof DeferredProcessingAware) {
                ((DeferredProcessingAware) event).prepareForDeferredProcessing();
            }
            writeOut(event);

        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            // as soon as an exception occurs, move to non-started state
            // and add a single ErrorStatus to the SM.
            this.started = false;
            addStatus(new ErrorStatus("IO failure in appender", this, ioe));
        }
    }

    public Encoder<E> getEncoder() {
        return encoder;
    }

    public void setEncoder(Encoder<E> encoder) {
        this.encoder = encoder;
    }

    public boolean isImmediateFlush() {
        return immediateFlush;
    }

    public void setImmediateFlush(boolean immediateFlush) {
        this.immediateFlush = immediateFlush;
    }

}