The session is the sequence of input and output from
when you start Sage until you quit.
Sage logs all Sage input, via IPython. In fact if you're using the
interactive shell (not the notebook interface), then at any point
you may type
%hist
to get a listing of all input lines typed so far.
You can type ?
at the Sage prompt to find out more about
IPython, e.g., ``IPython offers
numbered prompts ... with input and output caching. All input is saved
and can be retrieved as variables (besides the usual arrow key
recall). The following GLOBAL variables always exist (so don't
overwrite them!)'':
_: previous input (interactive shell and notebook) __: next previous input (interactive shell only) _oh : list of all inputs (interactive shell only)
Here is an example:
sage: factor(100) _1 = 2^2 * 5^2 sage: kronecker_symbol(3,5) _2 = -1 sage: %hist #This only works from the interactive shell, not the notebook. 1: factor(100) 2: kronecker_symbol(3,5) 3: %hist sage: _oh _4 = {1: 2^2 * 5^2, 2: -1} sage: _i1 _5 = 'factor(ZZ(100))\n' sage: eval(_i1) _6 = 2^2 * 5^2 sage: %hist 1: factor(100) 2: kronecker_symbol(3,5) 3: %hist 4: _oh 5: _i1 6: eval(_i1) 7: %hist
You can also store a list of input from session in a macro for that session.
sage: E = EllipticCurve([1,2,3,4,5]) sage: M = ModularSymbols(37) sage: %hist 1: E = EllipticCurve([1,2,3,4,5]) 2: M = ModularSymbols(37) 3: %hist sage: %macro em 1-2 Macro `em` created. To execute, type its name (without quotes).
sage: E Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + 3*y = x^3 + 2*x^2 + 4*x + 5 over Rational Field sage: E = 5 sage: M = None sage: em Executing Macro... sage: E Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + 3*y = x^3 + 2*x^2 + 4*x + 5 over Rational Field
When using the interactive shell, any UNIX shell command can be executed from Sage by prefacing it by an exclamation point (!). For example,
sage: !ls auto example.sage glossary.tex t tmp tut.log tut.tex
The PATH
has the Sage bin directory at the front, so if
you run gp
, gap
, singular
, maxima
,
etc., you get the versions included with Sage.
sage: !gp Reading GPRC: /etc/gprc ...Done. GP/PARI CALCULATOR Version 2.2.11 (alpha) i686 running linux (ix86/GMP-4.1.4 kernel) 32-bit version ... sage: !singular SINGULAR / Development A Computer Algebra System for Polynomial Computations / version 3-0-1 0< by: G.-M. Greuel, G. Pfister, H. Schoenemann \ October 2005 FB Mathematik der Universitaet, D-67653 Kaiserslautern \
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