11.5 Quadratic residues

Try this:

sage: Q = quadratic_residues(23); Q
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18]
sage: N = [x for x in range(22) if kronecker(x,23)==-1]; N
[5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21]

Q is the set of quadratic residues mod 23 and N is the set of non-residues.

Here is another way to construct these using the kronecker command (which is also called the ``Legendre symbol''):

sage: [x for x in range(22) if kronecker(x,23)==1]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18]
sage: [x for x in range(22) if kronecker(x,23)==-1]
[5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21]

See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.