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Working at the command line is not as daunting a task as you would think. There is no special knowledge needed to use the command line as it is a program like everything else. Most things in Linux can be done using the command line. Although there are graphical tools for most programs, sometimes they are just not enough. This is where the command line comes in handy.

The terminal is often called the command prompt or the shell. In days gone by, this was the way the user interacted with the computer; however, Linux users have found that the use of the shell can be quicker than a graphical method and still holds some merit today. Here you will learn how to use the terminal.

The original use of the terminal was as a file browser, and indeed it is still used as a file browser. You can use the terminal as a file browser to navigate your files and undo the changes that have been made.

הפעלת המסוף

The Konsole can be started by going to Application LauncherSystemTerminal (Konsole).

פקודות נפוצות

הצגת תיקיות: -ls

The ls (LiSt) lists files in different colors with full formatted text.

יצירת תיקיות: - mkdir (שם התיקייה)

הפקודה mkdir יוצרת תיקיות

Change Directories: - cd (/directory/location)

The cd (Change Directory) command will change from your current directory to any directory you specify.

העתקת קבצים/תיקיות: - cp (קובץ או תיקייה להעתקה) (קובץ או תיקיית יעד)

הפקודה cp תעתיק כל קובץ שתבחרו. הפקודה cp -r תעתיק כל תיקייה שתבחרו.

מחיקת קבצים/תיקיות: - rm (שם הקובץ או התיקייה)

The rm (ReMove) command will delete any filename you specify. The rm -r command will remove any directory you specify, and all its contents.

Move/Rename Files/Directories: - mv (file or directory name)

The mv (MoVe) command will move/rename any file or directory you specify.

מציאת קובץ/תיקייה: - locate (שם הקובץ או התיקייה)

The locate command will search for any filename you specify. It uses an index of the files on your system to work quickly. To update this index, run the command sudo updatedb. This command is run automatically each day if you leave your computer on. It needs to be run with administrative privileges (see הסעיף שנקרא “Root And Sudo”).

You can also use wildcards to match one or more files, such as "*" (for all files) or "?" (to match one character).

מעביר למצב מסוף

The usual method of command-line access in Kubuntu is to start a terminal (see הסעיף שנקרא “הפעלת המסוף” above), however sometimes it is useful to switch to the real console:

  1. Use the Ctrl+Alt+F1 shortcut keys to switch to the first console.

  2. כדי לחזור לשולחן העבודה, לחצו על צירוף המקשים Ctrl+Alt+F7.

שים לב

There are six consoles available. Each one is accessible with the shortcut keys Ctrl+Alt+F1 to Ctrl+Alt+F6.

ביטול צפצוף במצב מסוף

  1. Start a Konsole session, select by going to Application LauncherSystemTerminal (Konsole).

  2. Go to SettingsBellNone to disable the system bell.

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