WiFi
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WiFi

Wireless networking has gotten better with Kubuntu 9.04, however there are still problems for users who do not have a card supported natively. If you have not purchased a wireless card yet, please take a look at the supported hardware at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported.

Como fago para...

... averiguar se funciona a miña tarxeta de rede sen fíos?

Se se detectou a súa tarxeta de rede sen fíos, KNetworkManager terá unha entrada no menú na que figure o seu dispositivo de rede sen fíos. Pode tentar conectarse á súa rede sen fíos premento na icona da Bandexa do Sistema e escollendo a súa rede sen fíos. Se é quen de navegar a rede co seu navegador web é que se conectou ben á internet.

... configurar encriptacións como WEP ou WPA

Con KNetworkManager, simplemente ha de calcar na icona da aplicación na bandexa do sistema e seleccionar a rede sen fíos á que se quere conectar. Cando prema nunha rede que teña o cifrado activado, apareceralle un diálogo para introducir esta información. Unha vez introducida, esta información almacénase na utilidade KWallet. Isto permítelle conectarse a esa rede no futuro simplemente introducindo o seu contrasinal de KWallet.

... comprobar se teño conexión á Internet?

Abra Konqueror e tente navegar até http://www.ubuntu.com. Se funcionou, a súa conexión á internet funciona.

If the above did not work, open up Konsole (Application LauncherSystemTerminal (Konsole)) and type ping gateway_ip_address (substitude gateway_ip_address by the ip address of your gateway. This address is usually 192.168.1.1, but may vary depending on the nature of your network). If you are able to ping your gateway, then the DNS on your computer is not working correctly. If you are not able to ping the gateway, then you do not have a proper internet connection.

... averiguar que tarxeta sen fíos utiliza o meu sistema?

Command line: (Application LauncherSystemTerminal (Konsole)) This will open up Konsole providing you with a terminal or the command line. Once you are sitting at the command prompt simply type lspci and press the Enter key. Locate the Network controller: line as this will provide information about your wireless adapter.

... obter axuda coa miña conexión sen fíos?

É recomendable que utilice outra fonte de conexión a Internet para ler os moitos artigos existentes sobre conexións sen fíos. Os seguintes son só un par de enlaces que convén revisar.

... que funcione o meu adaptador sen fíos Boradcom?

Dende a versión 2.6.17 do kernel inclúese soporte de dispositivos sen fíos Broadcom. Algúns dispositivos Broadcom funcionarán de xeito nativo, pero aínda hai moitos modelos non soportados. Se o seu dispositivo Broadcom non funciona de xeito correcto, ten dúas opcións: bcm43xx-fwcutter ou NdisWrapper

Coa utilidade bcm43xx-fwcutter só hai uns poucos dispositivos que funcionan. Consulte os modelos actualmente soportados na dirección http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/?go=devices. Se o seu dispositivo non está soportado, entón empregue a utilidade NdisWrapper. Para obter información sobre NdisWrapper consulte the section called “NdisWrapper”.

NdisWrapper

Command Line Intensive

A configuración de NdisWrapper require intensivamente o uso da liña de comandos, e non existen clientes gráficos que axuden a esta configuración. Aínda así, as instrucións son fáciles de seguir.

Plataformas de Hardware

Este método está soportado unicamente para usuarios das plataformas Intel e AMD. Os usuarios dos antigos iBooks e Powerbooks non poderá usar este método. Sen embargo, os usuarios de MacBooks (baseados en Intel) deberían ser capaces de utilizalo.

NdisWrapper é considerada a ferramenta universal para xestionar redes sen fíos en Linux. A meirande parte dos adaptadores que non están soportados de xeito nativo ou con outras utilidades son soportados a través de NdisWrapper. Pode instalar NdisWrapper usando Adept. Se non está familiarizado coas prácticas de instalación recomendámoslle consultar o documento Engadindo Aplicacións document.

Unha vez instalado NdisWrapper, localice os controladores para Windows, xa sexa nun CD ou en Internet. É mellor usar controladores para Windows XP, pero de calquera maneira os controladores para Windows 2000 tamén funcionan. Unha vez obtidos os controladores, cópieos nun directorio local do seu sistema. Nalgunhas ocasións obterá os controladores nun arquivo (por exemplo) driver.zip, ou driver.exe. Se o arquivo está en formato .zip, descomprímao facendo clic co botón dereito do rato sobre o arquivo e escollendo a opción Extraer do menú despregable. Se o arquivo está en formato .exe, entón instale a utilidade cabextract e abra a aplicación Konsole para navegar ata o directorio correcto. Cando se atope no directorio que contén o arquivo .exe, escriba cabextract nome_do_arquivo.exe. Isto extraerá ou descomprimirá o arquivo no directorio actual. O controlador atoparase nun arquivo con extensión .inf. Despois, o que precisa facer é escribir sudo ndiswrapper -i nome_do_arquivo.inf e presionar Intro. Se todo está ben non recibirá ningunha mensaxe de erro. A orde finaliza despois de cargar ou instalar os controladores no módulo NdisWrapper. Para comprobar que os controladores funcionan, simplemente escriba sudo modprobe ndiswrapper e presione Intro. Probe a ver se consigue conectarse a algunha rede e/ou a Internet.

If everything went well then the final step would be to load the NdisWrapper module by default. To do this simple type sudo sh -c "echo ndiswrapper >> /etc/modules" and press Enter. This will automatically start NdisWrapper at boot time.

If everything didn't go so well, the issue may not be with NdisWrapper but possibly with KNetworkManager. To see if in fact that KNetworkManager was at fault, simply click the system tray icon and select Quit. Once KNetworkManager has closed, go back to the command line and type sudo modprobe -r ndiswrapper && sudo modprobe ndiswrapper and press Enter. This will unload NdisWrapper and then reload it. After you have reloaded it, test your network and/or Internet connection again.

Broadcom

Since the 6.10 (Edgy Eft) release, the kernel has included driver support for some Broadcom cards utilizing the bcm43xx-fwcutter utility. Currently there are not that many supported cards, however development continues. To see if your card is supported please review the list at http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/?go=devices. If your card is not included in the list, then refer to the section called “NdisWrapper”.

Para comezar, o primeiro que hai que facer é instalar a utilidade bcm43xx-fwcutter. Para máis información acerca de como instalar aplicacións extra, consulte a sección Engadir aplicacións.

Once you have bcm43xx-fwcutter installed you can read through a list of links to various drivers for your Broadcom device. To do this open up Konsole (Application LauncherSystemTerminal (Konsole)) and type at the prompt zless /usr/share/doc/bcm43xx-fwcutter/README.gz and press Enter. You have the choice of picking a driver from that list, driver CD, or manufacturer's website. The file you are interested in using is the bcwl5.sys file. If you have the drivers in a .zip format, unzip the files to a local directory. If the drivers are in a .exe format, you will need to install Cabextract. With Cabextract, at the command line locate the directory where you downloaded or copied the file to. Once there type at the prompt cabextract filename.exe and press Enter. This will extract the file into the directory you are in.

Now that you have the driver files extracted, navigate with Konsole to the directory with the driver files. Next you will use the bcm43xx-fwcutter utility to install the drivers. To do so, at the prompt type sudo bcm43xx-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware/$(uname -r) bcwl5.sys. You may receive a couple of warnings which are nothing to worry about. If it didn't work, it will provide an error that states either driver isn't supported or the driver is to old. If this is the case, you would repeat this step using one of the drivers from the list in the README.gz file shown above. If you continue to have issues, connect to the Internet with another source and review the following sites:

If you continue to have issues with loading the drivers, then you may need to use the NdisWrapper utility.

Now if you went through the driver installation without any major errors or issues, the next step would be to load the new module you created in the previous step. At the command line type sudo modprobe bcm43xx and press Enter. To see if the module loaded and is working, at the prompt type iwconfig and press Enter. If it works it should return the name of the interface as ethX where X is the number of the device. In most cases it may be eth1 if you have a CAT-5 Ethernet device already installed and configured. Also to test and see if your device can scan, at the command prompt type sudo iwlist ethX scan and press Enter. Don't worry if it reports no networks found as your connection may still be working. Test and see if you can connect to your network and the Internet. If everything has worked then you will want to add the module so it will load at boot. To do so, at the command prompt type sudo sh -c "echo bcm43xx >> /etc/modules" and press Enter.

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