Diskler ve Bölümler

This section provides instructions on how to handle disks and drives such as removable hard disks.

Diskte ne kadar boş yer olduğu kontrol ediliyor

There are several ways to see how much disk space is available on a Kubuntu system.

Diskte ne kadar boş alan olduğunu komut satırı üzerinden kontrol et

  1. Open Konsole by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemTerminal (Konsole).

  2. At the prompt, type df -h

Output similar to the following should be displayed:

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5              37G  7.6G   28G  22% /
/dev/sda1             122M   50M   67M  43% /boot
/dev/sda6              70G   34G   33G  52% /home

df komutu dosya sistemi disk alanı kullanımını raporlar. -h, df komutuna çıktıyı kullanıcılar tarafından okunabilir yapmasını söyler.

Diskte ne kadar boş alan olduğunu dosya yöneticisi üzerinden kontrol et

Dosya yöneticileri

The following procedure can be completed with either Dolphin or Konqueror. Dolphin will be shown in this example because it is the default file manager in Kubuntu.

  1. Open Dolphin by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemFile Manager (Dolphin).

  2. Click on the Root shortcut button on the left.

  3. Kök bölümünde ne kadar alanın kullanılabilir olduğunu ortaya çıkarmak için ana penceredeki herhangi bir boş beyaz alana sağ tıklayın. Gösterilen listeden Özellikler'i seçin.

    Avoid highlighting an icon

    When right clicking in the white space, avoid accidentally highlighting any of the folder icons, because this will display information pertaining only to that folder.

    Example 1. Kök aygıtı için kullanılabilir disk alanı




Bölümleme Yöneticisi yoluyla kullanım denetleniyor

By default in Kubuntu, the application Partition Manager is not installed. Please install the Partition Manager package prior to doing the following procedure.

  1. Open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemPartition Editor (KDE Partition Manager). A password may be required.

  2. Click on the device in the Device section in the left-hand side of the main window.

  3. Remaining space can be determined by subtracting the amount in the Used column from the amount in the Size column. The information can also be displayed by right clicking on the partition in the list and selecting Properties.

    Example 2. Bölümleme Yöneticisi ile kullanılabilir disk alanı




Bazı disk alanları nasıl boşaltılabilir?

Daha fazla kullanılabilir disk alanı oluşturmanın bir kaç yolu var:

  • Empty the trash. Open Dolphin by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemFile Manager (Dolphin). Click the Trash on the left, right click in the white space and select Empty Trash.

  • Install Computer Janitor for GTK first. Once installed, open Computer Janitor by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemComputer Janitor. Select the Packages to be removed. When completed, click the Do selected tasks button.

    Example 3. Freeing disk space with Computer Janitor




  • Uzun zamandır kullanılmayan yazılım paketlerini kaldırın. Paketleri kaldırma hakkında bilgi için Yazılım Yönetimi'ne bakın.

  • İhtiyaç duyulmayan dosyaları silin.

    Caution

    Gerekli dosyaları silmemeye dikkat edin!Eski, az-kullanılan dosyaları

Eski, az-kullanılan belgeleri sıkıştır ve arşivle:

  • Sıkıştırılacak dosya ve dizinleri seçin, birisinin üzerinde sağ tıklayın ve SıkıştırZIP/TAR Arşivi Olarak ya da diğer seçeneklerden herhangi birisini seçin.

Bir aygıtı bölümlemek

Partition Manager can be used to partition storage devices. Install the Partition Manager package first, as it is not installed by default in Kubuntu. Once installed, open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application LauncherApplicationsSystemPartition Editor (KDE Partition Manager).

Caution

Be careful when altering disk partitions, as it is possible to lose data by deleting or changing the wrong partition.

For more information on using Partition Manager to resize, copy, or install a new operating system, please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

Bölüm biçimlendirme

Partition Manager can be used to format disk partitions. Please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

Biçimlendirme nedir?

To format a hard disk, device or partition means to prepare that particular device to store data.

When a hard disk or partition is formatted, a specific data-storage format is applied to that device; this format is the filesystem.

A newly purchased disk is usually not formatted, and cannot yet be used for storing data. After the device has been formatted, the free space on it is less than the original size. Some of the disk space is used to make the device usable; this space is occupied by the filesystem. Also, disk manufacturers use different standards to express disk capacity, which results in further discrepancies.

Dosyasistemi nedir

A filesystem is a particular way of storing and organizing files on a storage device such as a hard disk, and is an important part of an operating system. Without a filesystem, accessing and storing files would be difficult.

Dosya sistemlerinin farklı türleri vardır. En yaygın olanları:

  • ext2, ext3, and ext4: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating systems. Kubuntu uses ext4 as its default filesystem.

  • FAT16 and FAT32 are Microsoft Windows filesystems found on older computers. To share data between two computers, the FAT32 format is a good choice.

  • NTFS daha modern Microsoft Windows sürümlerinde kullanılan dosyasistem türüdür.

  • HFS+ Mac OS X varsayılan dosyasistem türüdür.

Bölüm nedir?

A partition is a means of dividing the storage capacity of a device, such as a hard disk, into several parts which can then be treated as separate storage devices (logical devices).

Each logical device is seen by the operating system as a distinct device, and thus is treated as an independent disk.

Hafıza diskini bölümlere ayırmanın bir kaç sebebi olabilir:

  • Boş alan açmak

  • Farklı işletim sistemleri kurmak

  • Verileri hafıza diskinde daha iyi organize etmek

Mounting and unmounting devices

Bir bilgisayara kaldırılabilir depolama aygıtı bağlandığında, işletim sistemi tarafından bağlanmış olmalı böylece aygottaki dosyalara erişilebilir.

When files are copied to a storage device, they are not always written to the device immediately. Instead, they are often stored in a queue so that they can all be transferred to the device at the same time (for efficiency). If the device is disconnected before all of the files have been transferred, some or all of the files may be lost. To prevent this, a storage device must be unmounted before being disconnected.

Procedure 3. Bir aygıtı bağlama

  1. Plug in the removable storage device.

  2. A notification menu and blue circle icon will appear in the bottom right corner of the screen. By clicking the device in the popup menu, the device will be mounted. As soon as it is mounted, either the file manager will appear or a dialog will be presented that contains a list of options for the device.

Procedure 4. Unmounting a device

  1. In the system tray, there is an icon that looks like a computer monitor that represents the Device Notifier. Click on the icon, and a popup menu will appear.

  2. Hovering above the device description with the cursor will display an eject icon on the right side. Click on the icon to unmount the removable device.